Chromium (vi) Induced Histological Changes of Pancreatic Islets and Liver: a Preliminary Study of Metal Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is growing in prevalence worldwide. Uncontrolled industrialization has released heavy metal pollutants and toxic agents that may play a role in the islet function and development of diabetes mellitus. Among the toxic metals, chromium (Cr) is widely used in industries and is considered a major cause of environmental pollution. Cr (III) constitutes an essential nutrient, while Cr (VI) is highly toxic. Occupational exposure to Cr (VI) compounds is associated with several adverse effects on human health. Cr (VI) is associated with the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that affect different types of tissues in our body. Our aims and objectives of this study were to analyse the chromium (VI) induced diabetic condition by examining histology of liver and pancreas. The pancreatic sections of the treated group showed marked morphological changes. Photomicrograph of histology of treated pancreas exhibited the disruption of islets, disorientation of cells and disrupted connective tissue septa. Chromium (VI) treated liver revealed periportal fatty infiltration (PFI), central vein congestion and dilatation of sinusoidal spaces. Treated liver showed lower PAS response and mild depletion of hepatic glycogen. The changes of pancreatic islets may reflect an inhibition in insulin synthesis. In this study, changes in the architecture of pancreatic islets as well as liver may be the reason behind diabetes, but further experiments needs to be performed.